Backache

There are primary and secondary pain sensations, each of these types can be caused by a wide range of conditions and diseases. In this article, we will try to consider only the most basic ones.

Non-specific (primary). This type of pain is directly related to problems with the spine and surrounding tissues.

Causes of back pain associated with the spine:

• Scoliosis. Violation of posture, which leads to a gradual curvature of the spine, displacement of the vertebrae and muscle fatigue.
• Osteochondrosis. The reason for the development of the disease is a decrease in the depreciation capacity of the spine: damage to the intervertebral discs, rupture of the fibrous ring and, as a result, violation of the disc core. Pain sensations are localized in the region of that part of the spine, in which there are pathological changes. So, with osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, back pain is localized in the thoracic region (the back hurts between the shoulder blades and under the ribs), with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine, a person experiences pain in the lumbar region.
• Intervertebral hernia. Due to damage to the intervertebral disc, the soft structures of the vertebrae protrude with the possibility of infringement (normal and strangulated hernia). The pain is localized at the site of the hernia.
• Ankylosing spondylitis. It is characterized by back pain and limited mobility of the spine, which leads to a forced "forward bend" position in the patient.
• Osteomyelitis. The cause of the disease is an infectious process that has developed in the spine. The patient feels that the pain covers not only the spine, but also the back muscles.
• Spine injury. In this case, the cause of back pain is an injury and its associated complications. The intensity of painful sensations and their localization are directly related to the type of injury and the affected part of the spine.

In 40-50% of cases, the causes of back pain are damage to the joints and ligaments of the spine (skeletal pain). Another 3-5% of severe back pain is associated with damage to the spinal cord roots (radicular pain).

Back pain associated with pathological changes in the muscles:

• Fibromyalgia. The inflammatory process develops in the muscles surrounding the spine, is characterized by symmetry and can be chronic. In this case, the back muscles ache along the entire spine. The important point is that the pain spike occurs when pressing on certain points.
• Polymyositis. Hypothermia can cause disease. As a result of the development of the disease, the patient experiences muscle weakness and pain, which increases when trying to make a turn.
• Polymyalgia rheumatica. The etiology of the disease is unclear. Infectious diseases that reduce immunity can act as a trigger. It manifests itself with pains that increase with the development of the disease, capable of covering all parts of the back. Severe back pain impairs mobility to such an extent that the patient is unable to move independently. A clear asymmetry is displayed in the back.
• Charcot's disease. Symptoms are caused by inflammation of the peripheral nerves along the spine. As a result of the pathological process, in addition to rather intense pain, there is a change in the person's gait.

In 50-60% of cases of non-specific back pain, their localization is in the muscles.

Specific (secondary pain). This type of pain, despite being located in the back, often does not have a direct relationship with diseases of the spinal column or the surrounding muscular skeleton. The causes of specific pain are extremely diverse, but the most dangerous are oncological diseases. Hence, pain that radiates to the back can be caused by a malignant neoplasm in the area of the mammary glands, lungs, or prostate, which causes metastases of the spine.

Diseases that cause specific pain include:

• Nerve roots pinched in the chest. Most often this leads to the development of intercostal neuralgia. The pain in this case is localized at the pinching site. Thus, intercostal neuralgia can manifest itself: pain under the shoulder blades, back pain under the ribs (on the side where the pinching occurred). The pain has a different degree: from aching to sharp, shooting. Most often, the pain syndrome occurs when moving or pressing on the affected area. This fact is the main difference between intercostal neuralgia and diseases of the heart and lungs, which can also manifest themselves with pain under the left (or right) shoulder blade from the back.
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. More often they cause pain on the right side, in some cases it can also pass on the left side of the body. Most of the pain is localized in the lumbar and sacro-lumbar regions. Sufficiently strong pain sensations are characteristic of pathologies associated with manifestations of diseases of the pancreas, diverticulum of the colon, intestinal obstruction, retrocecal appendicitis, etc.
• Ulcerative foci. Ulcerative lesions of the organs of the upper abdominal cavity (peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach) can manifest themselves in the form of pain in the thoracic and lower lumbar back. If the lower part of the abdominal cavity is affected (ulcerative colitis), the pain is localized in the lumbar region. The severity of the pain may vary, but often peaks at night.
• Appendicitis. In acute appendicitis, in cases where the appendix (appendix) is located behind the cecum, the back hurts in the lumbar region. The pains are variable in nature and can range from painful, mild to acute, intense.
• Kidney disease. Quite often they are manifested by pain in the lumbar region. Such manifestations are characteristic of pyelonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis. Differentiation from pathologies that have a direct connection with the spine occurs on the basis of the analysis of other clinical manifestations and the results of research.
• Urolithiasis disease. With renal colic, the back hurts in the lumbar region. The pain is pronounced, intense, comes on suddenly and does not depend on the position of the body. The back hurts in the lower back and with staghorn nephrolithiasis. Manifestations of the pain syndrome are of low intensity, the pain is quite painful in nature.
• Diseases of the female reproductive system and menstrual pain. In these cases, the pain is most often localized in the lower back.
• Neoplasms in the pulmonary system. In this case, pain appears at the stage when the lungs undergo the germination of peripheral tumor elements (metastases) in the pleural region and chest wall. The nature of the pain is intense, debilitating.
• Cardiovascular disease. The most common causes of pain localized in the thoracic back are myocardial infarction and stroke. As a rule, these diseases are accompanied by pain between the shoulder blades.
• Inflammatory processes in the joints. Infectious arthritis can cause pain to radiate from the affected joint to nearby areas, including back pain.

For the most part, the causes of the manifestation of back pain are identical for both sexes, but it is necessary to highlight a number of diseases that differ in sexual predisposition.

back pain in men

Although the causes of back pain are mostly the same for both genders, there are a number of diseases that men are more susceptible to due to their lifestyle.

These predisposing factors include:

• work involving lifting and carrying heavy loads;
• power sports (including various martial arts, powerlifting, etc. );
• bad habits.

As a result, diseases of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems in men can occur more often than in women.

Specific "male" diseases that can cause back pain are various pathologies of the prostate.

Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease of the prostate gland. At the onset of the disease, the pain syndrome is localized in the groin, scrotum and lower abdomen, but in the second stage and in cases where the disease has become chronic, the pain spreads to the back.

The localization of pain in this case can be concentrated in the lumbosacral region or spread over the entire back. This is due to the fact that the inflammatory process affects the nerve endings, which envelop this organ in large numbers.

The intensity of the pain is directly related to the stage of the disease. Hence, in the acute phase, the pain is characterized as acute and short-lived. In the chronic form, the pain syndrome is little pronounced and often permanent.

Diagnosis and treatment in this case are carried out by a urologist.

back pain in women

In some cases, back pain in women can be of a specific nature associated with the characteristics of the body and the processes that take place in it. First of all, let's talk about the reproductive sphere.

As a rule, pain associated with gynecological diseases is localized in the thoracic and lumbosacral regions. The most common reasons include:

1. Period. During the period of menstruation, the hormonal background of a woman changes, which leads to the appearance of a number of negative manifestations. This is mainly due to a decrease in the level of progesterone, which is responsible for the intensity of the pain threshold. Reducing the pain threshold leads to the fact that even minor pain sensations become more pronounced. In addition, hormonal changes lead to irritation of the intestinal walls and fluid retention, which causes an increase in the volume of some organs and, consequently, the compression of the nerve endings of the lumbar spine. The combination of these factors causes back pain to occur.
2. Pregnancy. Back pain in this case can be divided into two groups: Pain in the first trimester. If the painful sensations are accompanied by additional symptoms (bleeding, fever, etc. ), we can talk about the risks of miscarriage. Pain in the second half of pregnancy. Most often, such pains are associated with physiological changes, namely: the active growth of the fetus, which causes a change in the center of gravity in the position of the body, and the preparation of the pelvis for the upcoming labor activity.
3. Diseases of the reproductive system. Most of the pain is concentrated in the lumbar region, which is explained by the topography of the female reproductive organs. The most common causes of this manifestation of pain syndrome are ovarian cysts, adnexitis, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, etc.
4. Menopause. Powerful changes and fluctuations in hormone levels occur during menopause. Such a restructuring of the body leaves an imprint on many systems of the female body. First of all, the skeletal system suffers, which, under the influence of hormonal changes, becomes more fragile and prone to various types of diseases.
5. Big chest. The large size of the bust, combined with low-weight underwear, creates an additional load on the spine and, as a result, the woman has back pain in the area of the shoulder blades and lower back.
6. High heel. Wearing high-heeled shoes leads to the development of a number of diseases associated with pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system and back pain.

back pain with coronavirus

Coronavirus infection affects many organs, but the lungs are the first to suffer. Therefore, pain between or under the shoulder blades is often a manifestation of inflammation that has developed in the lung tissue. Depending on the lung most affected, the patient will experience pain under the left or right shoulder blade.

In addition to damage to the lung tissue, there is a general intoxication of the body and an increase in temperature, which can also cause pain (pain) in the back and limbs.

Back pain after coronavirus is explained by the fact that the disease can not only damage the nervous system, but against the background of a general decrease in immunity, chronic diseases, including internal organs and the musculoskeletal system, worsen .

Back pain after sleep

The reasons why your back hurts after sleeping can be:

• work associated with physical activity and weight lifting;
• lower back muscle tone;
• intervertebral hernia and osteochondrosis in history;
• prolonged hypothermia of the back;
• curvature of the spine, which led to muscle fatigue and irregular contraction;
• excess body weight, resulting in increased load on the back;
• stressful situations;
• uncomfortable bed.

Unpleasant sensations can have varying intensity and manifest themselves under the ribs, in the lower back, between the shoulder blades and under them.

To eliminate the pain that occurs after sleep, it is necessary to exclude all provoking factors and consult a doctor for treatment.

Back pain: which doctor should I contact?

The primary diagnosis of pain in the back area is made by a general practitioner. If necessary, a number of additional examinations and consultation of highly specialized specialists can be prescribed:

• neurologist;
• gastroenterologist;
• gynecologist;
• urologist;
• pulmonologist.

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of the patient's condition. For this purpose, the doctor may prescribe a number of additional studies:

• Lab test. Most often, this list includes general and biochemical blood tests, urinalysis, stool and, in some cases, a hormone level test. These studies help identify possible inflammatory processes and infections. If you suspect some diseases or an oncological component, the doctor can prescribe a series of specific studies (biopsy, tumor markers, etc. ).
• Hardware search. They help to get a more visual picture of the course of the disease, which cannot be obtained by visual examination and palpation. Radiography, MRI, ultrasound most commonly prescribed.

Back pain treatment

For the purpose of qualified treatment, internal consultation of specialists is required. Therapy is selected strictly on the basis of the diagnosis and taking into account the general condition of the patient. Self-treatment of back pain can lead to disease progression or transition to a chronic stage.

Back pain prevention

The main preventive measures mainly depend on what exactly provoked the appearance of back pain. General recommendations include:

• a healthy lifestyle;
• complete and healthy nutrition;
• reasonable dosage of physical activity;
• timely treatment of identified diseases;
• regular passing of preventive examinations, even by narrow-profile specialists.