Osteochondrosis is a disease caused by degenerative distance changes in the vertebrae, discs and intervertebral ligaments. Persons after 30 years are more sensitive to the disease, but the initial manifestations of the disease can appear in adolescence.
80-90% of the population must face this disorder.
Symptoms of the disease
Depending on the position of the pathological focus, 3 forms of the disease are distinguished:
- Osteochondrosis of the cervical region
- Osteochondrosis of the thoracic region
- Osteochondrosis of the lumbar region
With damage to the cervical column, the patient's complaints are associated with insufficient brain nutrition due to squeezing blood vessels. The most common complaint is a severe headache and dizziness. In addition, patients are worried:
- Blood pressure advice
- Disorders of the coordination of movements and the pace
- Decrease in visual acuity;
- Feel deterioration, ring in the ears
- Raucendine or Raucendine
- A snoring in a dream is a sign of constant tension of the neck muscles.
When the nerves compress, the numbness and cooling of the fingers, the weakness of the limbs occurs.
If the nerves are violated, serious neck pains, scalp pain, sore throat, teeth. The pain extends behind and to the limb.
The symptom of the osteocondrosis of the thoracic region is also pain - intercostal neuralgia. The pain is due to the compression of the nerve roots. The pain in the chest is acute, it intensifies with cough, inspiration, laughter, when it moves.
The pain for osteochondrosis of the thoracic region can simulate other diseases, for example cardiac pain, abdominal pain.
Lumbar osteochondrosis often affects people who have sedentary work. It is characterized by pain in the lower back, which are given to the buttock and leg. With violation of the nerves, numbness and cooling of the legs, loss of sensitivity, incontinence of stool and urine are possible.
The causes of the disease
The disease is considered poletiaological, that is, many factors contribute to the disease. The most common:
- Strong daily load on the spine
- Spinal lesions
- Metabolic disorders
- Overweight
- Curvature of the spine
- Hereditary factor
- The natural aging process of the body.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of osteochondrosis consists of several phases.
Collection of anamnesis of disease and life
The doctor asks the patient's questions to discover:
- Complaints
- Location of pain and discomfort
- When the first symptoms appeared
- Which causes the appearance and increased the pain.
- Which helps to relieve the condition.
It is important to discover the patient's working conditions, the bad habits of the sick ones throughout their lives, whether there were bruises and injuries of the spine, whether it has one of the closest relatives of osteochondosis.
Inspection and palpation
At the exam, the doctor attracts attention to the position of the body and posture, on the symmetry of the back and neck, determines the volume of the movements in the back, detects painful areas, assesses the muscle tone, determines the presence of pain irradiation, controls sensitivity.
X -Ray exam
The radiography of the spine is performed in two oblique projections, live and side for more information. Sometimes a X -ray search is required with functional samples, flexion, extension position.
Computerized tomography
CT is a study that allows you to consider the bodies of the vertebrae, ligaments, blood vessels and soft tissues more clearly. An image of one or more segments of the spine is performed. CT allows you to determine the compression of the nerves, tears and hernia of intervertebral discs, their height, changes in the solid brain membrane, the instability of the vertebrae.
Magnetic resonance imaging therapy
Magnetic resonance imaging is used to diagnose osteochondrosis with a clear display of blood vessels, nerve processes, intervertebral discs.
Complications
Osteocondrosis is a disease not only of the back, as it is commonly believed. It affects blood vessels, nerves, muscles. Osteochondosis causes the development of a series of related diseases, including:
- Migraine
- Vision and deterioration of hearing
- Intervertebral hernias
- Schmorl's knots
- Root
- Lumbago
- Sciatica
- Spondilasis, spondilarososis and others.
Disease treatment
Treat osteochondrosis in a conservative way, in serious cases - promptly.
Conservative treatment includes an entire complex of therapeutic procedures: massage, physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy, manual therapy, reflexology, spinal traction and pharmacological treatment.
The drugs are prescribed during exacerbations, help to relieve pain, inflammation and normalization of metabolic processes.
Risk group
The risk group of osteochondrosis includes:
- People who guide a sedentary lifestyle with a sedentary job or spend a lot of time driving or computer
- People whose work or hobby is associated with weight lifting
- People with an excess body mass
- Pregnant
- Women who wear high heels.
Prevention
For the prevention of osteocondrosis, it is important to follow the rules:
- Do not overload the spine, limit the vertical loads
- Load, strengthen the spinal muscles, knead
- Do not do it
- Avoid injuries and bruises of the spine
- Don't wear weights
- Change the position of the body with a long load of seat and guide.
Diet and lifestyle
The diet for osteochondrosis has no rigorous restrictions, it can be attributed to proper nutrition. It is necessary to limit salt and sugar. The main thing is that food corresponds to energy costs. If there is overweight, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of easily absorbed sweets and carbohydrates. Replace the coffee with tea, sweets - dried fruit.
Every day you have to do exercises, which includes: sipping, squats, inclining on the sides, body curves, running, walking, legs swinging forward, lateral and backwards.
Sleeping with osteochondrosis is preferably on a solid surface.
During a long job, you have to stretch and turn the body every 20-30 minutes. With a prolonged position, it is important to change the support point from one leg to another.
If you need to transport heaviness, you can distribute the weight on each hand, you can use a backpack with large straps.
Symptoms
- Heachache
- Rauca voice
- Urine incontinence
- Fuzzy vision
- Weaken weakening
- Shark pace
- Snore